Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential Simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

Background and Aim: One of the most important criteria for clinical acceptance and longevity of cast restorations is marginal accuracy. Marginal discrepancy causes cement layer exposure, increases risk of cement wash out leading to plaque accumulation, recurrent caries and gingival tissue inflammation. This study assessed the effect of finishing line preparation design on marginal discrepancy.Methods & Materials: In this experimental invitro study, three metal dies were prepared using Simulation method with beveled shoulder, chamfer and combination of both (buccal beveled shoulder encounters palatal chamfer) that addressed groups A, B and C respectively. Seven wax patterns for each die were cast in Wiron 99 (Basemetal Alloy).After seating the trameworks, marginal discrepancy was measured in two horizontal and vertical dimensions. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons tests.Results: The significant differences of horizontal marginal opening were found among three groups in buccopalatal and mesiodistal directions (P<0.003, P<0.0001). Also, significant differences found between pair groups except to A and C in buccopalatal and A and B in mesiodistal directions. The vertical marginal opening in three groups was statistically different at mesial, distal and palatal directions (P<0.05) but not at buccal side. The vertical marginal opening differences of pair groups (A and C, Band C) at mesial, distal and palatal directions were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, finishing line, preparation design significantly affects the marginal discrepancy, the least and most horizontal marginal opening was produced in beveled shoulder and the combined preparation of beveled shoulder and chamfer, respectively. Chamfer preparation caused minimum vertical marginal opening while the beveled shoulder was in the next rank with no significant statistical differences.

In this study, techniques for heat transfer enhancement reviewed. Application ofnanofluids was studied as a new technique for more energy saving and heat recovery. Transysversion17 Simulation was used for prediction of thermal efficiency of water and various nanofluidsin a flat plate solar collector. Nano fluids that were used in this Simulation analysis are copperoxide, copper, and alumina. The results show that the heat transfer and thermal efficiency ofcopper nanofluid are greater than other working fluids while the exergy efficiency of alumina isgreater. Gambit 2. 4. 6 was used for our CFD calculation along with the Fluent version17. 2. Weused a model to numerically simulate the heat transfer. The governing equations and correspondingboundary conditions are converted to dimensionless forms and solved numerically by the finiteelement method. The results show that efficiency of copper is 67% and it is greater than aluminaand copper oxide efficiency.

The present research was done in steppic rangelands of-Dehno, Kerman province to study the effects of different harvesting intensities of Artemisia sieberi applying Simulation method. The experiment was conducted using split plots in a completely randomized experimental design often replications to find the best grazing intensity. Treatments are including no harvest (as a control), 25, 50 and 75% harvest. In each treatment, 10 similar and average plant species were selected as replications. All dependent variables were evaluated during the study and results were analyzed in SAS software. Results showed Minimum and maximum forage production was obtained at 25% harvest in 2008 and no harvest treatment in 2009, respectively. Regarding to the obtained results and soil condition, the 50% harvesting intensity is recommended in Dehno site to maintain the vigority of Artemisia sieberi that is not dangerous for its survival, healthiness and vigority even in drought conditions.

In this paper, the effect of the optimal position and minimum stiffness of the elastic middle support on increasing the fundamental frequency of a rotating cantilever beam is investigated based on the Courant’ s maximum– minimum theorem using ABAQUS finite element software. First, the software analysis results are compared with the numerical analysis results for a non-rotating cantilever beam to confirm the accuracy of the software model. Next, by placing the middle elastic support at the optimal point selected based on the Courant theorem, the minimum stiffness of the elastic intermediate support for the maximum fundamental frequency of the rotating console beam was obtained. The results of this study prove that the Courant’ s maximum– minimum theorem is completely valid for rotating cantilever beams and can be used to improve the vibrational behavior of rotating engineering components. Finally, the minimum diameter of damping wire for the turbomachine blade is calculated as a practical application of the minimum stiffness of the intermediate elastic support for the rotating beam.